How do Sublingual Tinctures Work?

Sublingual tinctures have become a popular way to experience the therapeutic benefits of cannabis and other herbal remedies because of their fast-acting effects, ease of use, and healthy elimination of combustion (smoking) as the delivery mechanism.

Unlike tinctures that are swallowed and metabolized through the digestive system, sublingual administration involves placing the cannabis tincture under the tongue or against the bottom lip and holding it there for as long as possible.  This allows the tincture, and everything dissolved in it, to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes off the mouth and gums. This sublingual method bypasses the digestive system and liver, leading to faster and more efficient absorption of active compounds, such as cannabinoids.

Place 1-5 drops of cannabis tincture under your tongue and hold it there for as long as you can. If you generate saliva, continue to hold until you can't any longer, the more contact time with the inner surface of your mouth, the more sublingual absorption will occur.  When you can't hold the tincture in your mouth any longer, swallow it.

When you place a tincture under your tongue, the thin mucous membranes in your mouth allow cannabinoids or other active ingredients to quickly enter your bloodstream, providing effects in as little as 15-30 minutes. This rapid absorption makes sublingual tinctures an excellent choice for those seeking quick relief from symptoms or simply wanting a faster-acting experience. In contrast, tinctures that are swallowed must be processed by the liver, which can delay effects by 45 minutes to over an hour, depending on individual metabolism and other factors.

Does the Choice of Solvent Affect Sublingual Absorption?

Yes, the type of solvent used in a cannabis tincture plays a crucial role in how effectively and quickly the tincture is absorbed sublingually. The most common menstruums used for tinctures are alcohol (ethanol), olive oil, and vegetable glycerin, and each affects absorption in different ways.

Sublingual Application of Alcohol-Based Tinctures (Ethanol)

• Fastest Absorption: Ethanol is the most effective solvent for sublingual tinctures due to its ability to rapidly penetrate the mucous membranes under the tongue. Alcohol is miscible (able to mix) with both water and fats, making it highly efficient at delivering cannabinoids and other active compounds into the bloodstream.
• High Bioavailability: Alcohol can dissolve both water-soluble and fat-soluble compounds, allowing for a higher percentage of cannabinoids to be absorbed sublingually. Effects typically begin within 15-30 minutes.
• Considerations: While alcohol-based tinctures are the most effective, some users may find the taste harsh or experience a burning sensation. However, for those seeking rapid onset and potency, alcohol-based tinctures are the best option.

Sublingual Application of Olive Oil-Based Cannabis Tinctures

• Slower Absorption: Olive oil, being a fat-based solvent, takes longer to absorb through the mucous membranes compared to alcohol. This results in slower onset of effects when used sublingually.
• Lower Bioavailability: Fat-soluble cannabinoids bind to the fats in olive oil, but the absorption through the mucous membranes is less efficient than alcohol. Much of the tincture may end up being swallowed, further delaying its effects as it passes through the digestive system.
• Considerations: Olive oil is gentler on the mouth and tastes more palatable for many users. It’s also a good alternative for those who avoid alcohol, but expect slower and less intense effects.

Sublingual Application of Glycerin-Based Cannabis Tinctures (Vegetable Glycerin)

• Moderate Absorption: Glycerin is slower to absorb than alcohol but faster than olive oil. It can carry water-soluble compounds more effectively than oil but is not as efficient as alcohol in delivering fat-soluble cannabinoids.
• Lower Bioavailability: Like olive oil, glycerin-based tinctures tend to be absorbed more slowly, with some of the tincture being swallowed. This can lead to a longer onset time and reduced bioavailability.
• Considerations: Glycerin offers a sweet taste, making it more enjoyable for users who may be averse to alcohol or olive oil. However, its sublingual absorption rate is moderate at best, and it may require a larger dose for the same effect as an alcohol-based tincture.

Key Differences Between Solvents 

When comparing alcohol, olive oil, and glycerin as solvents for sublingual cannabis tinctures, the absorption rate and effectiveness depend largely on the solvent’s ability to carry the cannabinoids through the mucous membranes. Alcohol is the best choice for fast-acting effects and high bioavailability, followed by glycerin and then olive oil, which is the slowest and least efficient option for sublingual application.

Conclusion

For those looking to maximize the effectiveness of sublingual cannabis tinctures, alcohol-based tinctures are the top choice due to their fast absorption and high potency. Olive oil and glycerin provide gentler, non-alcoholic alternatives, but they come with slower absorption and lower efficiency. Understanding how each menstruum affects absorption rates and bioavailability can help you choose the right tincture for your needs and preferences.

FAQ

Question: Is tincture made with Culinary Solvent safe to use sublingually?

Answer: Yes, Culinary Solvent is food grade, non-denatured ethanol, safe for use in sublingual tinctures.